RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In Peru, tuberculosis (TB) is perceived as a nutritional disease. This perception, alongside factors including household food insecurity, may drive the food choices of people with TB and influence treatment outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this qualitative study was to explore drivers of food choice among adults recently diagnosed with TB. METHODS: The study was conducted between April and December 2016 in the Huaycán district of Lima, Peru. Structured questionnaires were administered to 39 adults with TB at the time of diagnosis and after 1 mo of treatment to characterize food security and socioeconomic status. At 1 mo of treatment, 24-h dietary recalls, enhanced by recipes obtained from local street vendors, were administered to examine patterns of food consumption and determine mean daily intake of macro- and micronutrients. Among a subset of 9 participants, in-depth interviews were used to explore dietary beliefs and food choices associated with TB. RESULTS: Overall, 13.2% of participants were underweight at baseline, and 10.5% were overweight. At 1 mo of treatment, the mean caloric intake was 600 kcal/d over what was needed to maintain their current weight. Most of these additional kilocalories came from carbohydrates. Patients made active efforts to improve their diets during treatment, and were both receptive to, and actively sought out, nutritional advice. However, many patients reported significant unnecessary spending on questionable commercial products, such as expensive natural remedies and nutritional supplements. CONCLUSIONS: The perceived connection between TB and diet creates both opportunities and challenges for treatment providers. Nutritional counseling provided through the national TB program should promote dietary quality through foods that are locally available, inexpensive, and aligned with cultural perceptions of health and wellness.
RESUMEN
Objetivos: determinar la relación del funcionamiento familiar y la capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación de la familia con un niño con problema neurológico crónico. Material y Métodos: estudio descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal. La recolección de datos se realizó en los meses de marzo a mayo del 2015, en 29 familiares, a quienes se les entrevistó y aplicó el cuestionario, previa firma del consentimiento informado, en un servicio de hospitalización de neuropediatría. Se realizó la validación del instrumento a través de juicio de expertos y prueba piloto obteniendo una confiabilidad de 0,771 de alfa de Crombach. Los datos obtenidos fueron calificados en una base diseñada en el programa Excel, luego se realizó el análisis para ver la relación entre las variables mediante Rho de Spearman en el programa SPSS versión 22. Los resultados se presentan en tablas estadísticas. Resultados: el tipo familiar con mayor porcentaje fue el extremo y de rango medio, con un 48,3%. La capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación en mayor porcentaje fue la de mediano rango 55,2%; y alta, 20,7%. Conclusiones: el funcionamiento familiar tiene tendencia a la disfuncionalidad en la familia con un niño con enfermedad neurológica crónica y presenta mediana capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación con propensión a la baja, no se encontró relación estadística significativa.
Objectives: to determine the relationship between family functioning and coping skills and adaptation of the family with a child with chronic neurological problem. Material and Methods: descriptive correlational cross-sectional study. Data collection was conducted in the months of March to May 2015, 29 fathers, mothers or aunts, who were interviewed and applied the questionnaire after signing the informed consent, in an inpatient pediatric neurology service. Validation of the instrument was performed using expert judgment and a pilot test obtaining a reliability Crombachs alpha 0.771. The data obtained was graded with an excel data base sheet, then the analysis was performed to see the relationship between variables using Spearman Rho SPSS version 22. The results are presented in statistical tables. Results: the family type with the highest percentage was the end and midrange, 48.3%. The ability to cope and adapt to a greater percentage was 55.2% medium range; high, 20.7%. Conclusions: family functioning has the tendency towards families with a child with chronic neurological disease and has medium capacity for coping and adapting prone to diminish; no statistically significant relationship was found.
